People who prepare for TS16949 IATF Auditor Evaluation process normally struggle w.r.t glossary terms, as these were spread at various places. Hence i have compiled all these glossary in one place in a word file.

Earlier i have uploaded these 164 glossaries as 45 pictures. These pictures can be quickly saved to your computers & inserted into powerpoint. You can use these powerpoint slides to train people. To see these images click this link "Go To 45 Image Slides"

164 Must Read Glossary

1. 5.15 Vs 6 σGRR Multiplying Factor (MSA) - 5.15 represents 99% spread, 6 represents 99.73% spread.

2. Accredited laboratory (PPAP) – reviewed & approved by nationally recognized accreditation body, or as an alternative, a customer recognized accreditation body (conforming to ISO/IEC guide 58 of calibration or test laboratory accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025, or national equivalent).

3. Accuracy (MSA) - closeness of agreement between an observed value & the accepted reference value.

4. Active part (PPAP) – currently being supplied for original equipment or service applications.

5. Analysis of variance (MSA) – ANOVA (statistical method used in DOE)

6. Apparent resolution (MSA) - least increment on instrument

7. Appearance item (PPAP) – visible once the vehicle is completed.

8. Apportionment - Reliability apportionment (APQP) - assignment of reliability goals from system to sub-system in such a way that the whole system will have the required reliability.

9. Appraiser variation (MSA) - same part, same instrument, different operators

10. Approved (PPAP) – used in PPAP to mean that the parts, materials, & and/or related documentation meet all customer requirements.

11. Approved drawing (PPAP) – an engineering drawing signed by the engineer & released through customer’s system.

12. Approved materials (PPAP) – governed either by industry standard specifications or by customer specifications.

13. Approved source list (PPAP) – list of organizations & suppliers that have been found acceptable to the customer.

14. Attribute data (PPAP/SPC) – qualitative data that can be counted for recording & analysis.

15. Authorized customer representative(s) (PPAP) – is the individual or individuals having approval authority on behalf of the customer.

16. Autocorrelation (SPC) – degree of relationship between elements of a stationary time series

17. Average run length (SPC) – number of sample subgroups expected between out-of-control signals

18. Benchmark data (APQP) – to determine how best-in-class performance is achieved.

19. Between-subgroup variation (SPC) (See variation)

20. Bias (MSA) (also Accuracy, location) – [observed average – reference value]

21. Bill of material (APQP) – list of components / materials to manufacture a product.

22. Black box (PPAP) – refers to a part where design responsibility belongs to the organization or the supplier. ODD (outside design & development) has the equivalent meaning.

23. Bulk material (PPAP) – is a substance (non-dimensional solid, liquid, gas) such as adhesives, sealants, chemicals, coatings, fabrics, lubricants, etc.

24. Bulk materials requirements checklist (PPAP) – defines customer PPAP requirements for bulk material.

25. CAD/CAM math data (PPAP) – is a form of design record by which all dimensional information necessary to define a product is conveyed electronically.

26. Calibration (MSA) - set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between a measuring device & a traceable standard of known reference value & uncertainty (PPAP) – is a set of operations which compares values taken from a piece of IMTE or a gage to a known standard under specified conditions.

27. Calibration interval (MSA) – specified amount of time or set of conditions between calibrations during which the calibration parameters of a measuring device are considered valid.

28. Capability (MSA) - combined variation of measurement errors (random & systematic) based on a short-term assessment of the measurement system….. (PPAP) – total range of inherent variation in a stable process.

-----1. Long term capability (MSA) - within-subgroup variation over a long period of time. This differs from performance as it does not include the between-subgroup variation.

-----2. Process capability (SPC) - six sigma range of inherent process variation

29. Cause & effect diagram (SPC) – Simple problem solving tool, uses graphic description to analyze sources of variation. Also called as fishbone (after its appearance) or Ishikawa (after its developer)

30. Centerline (SPC) – line representing average value

31. Characteristic (SPC) – a distinguishing feature (of a process or its output)

32. Characteristics matrix (APQP) – display relationship between process parameters Vs mfg. stations.

33. Checked print (PPAP) – is a released engineering drawing with actual measurement results recorded by the organization adjacent to each drawing dimension & other requirements.

34. Common cause (SPC) –source of inherent process variation, affects all outputs.

35. Confidence interval (MSA) - range of values expected to include the true value of a parameter…..(SPC) – An interval or range of values, calculated from sample data, that contains, with a (100-∞) degree of certainty, the population parameter of interest.

36. Conformance (PPAP) – part or material meets customer’s specifications & requirements.

37. Consecutive (SPC) – in succession

38. Continual improvement (SPC) – dynamic strategy contrasts with outgoing NCs are inevitable.

39. Control or Statistical control (PPAP / SPC) – all special causes eliminated.

-----1. In-control (MSA) - process with only common cause variation

-----2. Out of control (MSA) - process with chaotic, assignable, or special cause

-----3. Process control (SPC) – Condition describing a process from which the effect of all special causes of variation have been eliminated & only that due to common causes remain….. (MSA) purpose of measurement & decision criteria applies to real-time production to assess process stability & the measurand to natural process variation (result indicates either stable and “in-control” or “out-of-control”)

-----4. Statistical process control (SPC) – use of statistical techniques to attain statistical control.

40. Control chart (SPC / MSA/PPAP) – graphic representation of a characteristic of a process with a center line & one or two control limits.

-----1. ARMA control chart (SPC) – Auto Regressive Moving Average, used where sample data are independent is violated

-----2. CUSUM control chart (SPC) – to detect small to moderate shifts in the process average or variability. CUmulative SUM of deviations from the target & puts equal weight on the current & recent past data.

-----3. EWMA control chart (SPC) (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) – to detect small shifts in process location.

-----4. MCUSUM control chart (SPC) – Multivariate CUmulative SUM – applying CUSUM to multivariate situations.

-----5. MEWMA control chart (SPC) – Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average.

-----6. Multivariate control chart (SPC) – for multivariate distribution.

-----7. Non-normal control chart (SPC) – adjustments made while compensating for the characteristics of a non-normal distribution.

-----8. Probability based charts (SPC) – uses categories data & probabilities related to the categories.

-----9. Regression control chart (SPC) – to determine if & when deviation from the known predictable relationship occurs.

-----10. Residuals control chart (SPC) – monitors using differences between a fitted model & the data.

-----11. Short run control chart (SPC) – adjusted for small volumes during a single run.

41. Control limit (SPC) – a line or lines on a control chart used as a basis for judging the stability of a process.

42. Control plans (PPAP) – written descriptions of the system for controlling production parts, bulk materials and processes.

43. Control statistic (SPC) – a value calculated from or based upon sample data.

44. Correlation (SPC) – degree of relationship between variables.

45. Correlation matrix (SPC) – a matrix of all possible correlations.

46. Customer (PPAP) – recipient of the organization’s or supplier’s product or service.

47. Data (MSA) – a collection of variable or discrete observations under a set of conditions.

48. Datum (SPC) – singular of “data”. A single point in a series of data.

49. Design for manufacturability & assembly (APQP) – optimizes relationship between design function, manufacturability & ease of assembly.

50. Design information checklist (APQP) – a mistake proofing checklist designed to assure that all important items were considered in establishing design requirements.

51. Design record (PPAP) – is the part drawing, specifications, and/or electronic (CAD) data used to convey information necessary to produce a product.

52. Design reviews (APQP) – milestone checkpoints to review progress proactively.

53. Design validation (APQP) – confirmation through objective evidence on intended use has been fulfilled.

54. Design verification (APQP) – confirmation through objective evidence, that specific requirements have been fulfilled.

55. Designed experiment (MSA) - changes made to process factors & the effects observed, to determine relationship of process variables

56. Design-intended robust range (PPAP) – limits within which parameters may be allowed to vary while still ensuring that a product complies with fitness for use.

57. Detection (SPC) – identify unacceptable after produced & separate.

58. Discrimination (MSA) - smallest readable unit or least count

59. Distinct data categories (MSA) - reliably distinguished, determined by effective resolution of the measurement system & part variation. ndc (MSA) (number of distinct categories) - [1.41(pv/grr)]

60. Distribution (SPC) – individual values as a group form a pattern. Described by Location (mean, median), spread (std.dev, range), shape (symmetry, peaked, skewed).

-----1. Binomial distribution (SPC) – a discrete probability distribution for attributes data (p, np chart).

-----2. Non-normal distribution (SPC) – does not follow the normal form (moments > order two are not all zero)

-----3. Normal distribution (SPC) - continuous, symmetrical & bell-shaped

-----4. Poisson distribution (SPC) - discrete probability distribution for attributes data (c, u control charts)

61. Durability (APQP) – probability that an item will continue to function at expected levels without overhaul or rebuild.

62. Effective resolution (MSA) - size of data category when total measurement system variation is considered

63. F ratio (MSA) - ratio of between-group mean square error to the within-group mean square error (used to assess the probability of random occurrence)

64. Failure mode & effects analysis (FMEA) (APQP / PPAP) – analytical methodology used to ensure potential problems have been considered & addressed throughout the product & process development (APQP)

65. Feasibility (APQP) – a determination of success w.r.t process, design, procedure or plan.

66. Gage R&R (MSA) - estimate of combined variation of repeatability & reproducibility (equal to sum of within-system & between-system variances).

67. Histogram (MSA) - frequency of grouped data

68. Independent & identically distributed (MSA) - homogeneous, independent & randomly distributed

69. Independent (MSA) - no effect between one event on the probability to another event

70. Individual (SPC) – single unit or single measurement normally denoted by “x”.

71. Interaction (MSA) – a combined effect or outcome resulting from two or more significant variables

72. Laboratory (PPAP) – test facility that may include chemical, metallurgical, dimensional, physical, electrical, reliability testing or test validation.

73. Laboratory scope (PPAP) – is a quality record containing,

-----§ Specific tests, evaluations & calibrations that an organization’s laboratory has the ability & competency to perform

-----§ List of equipment which it uses to perform the above

-----§ List of methods & standards to which it performs the above

74. Linearity (MSA) - change in bias over entire operating range

75. Location (SPC) – central tendency (mean, median, mode)

-----1.   Average (SPC) Mean (SPC) – average of values (location)

-----2.   Median (SPC) – middle value in a group when arranged from lowest to highest.

-----3.   Mode (SPC) - most frequently occurring (there may be more than one mode)

-----4.   Process average (SPC) (location, Xdoublebar) – overall average

76. Loss function (SPC) – customer sensitivity (loss) Vs deviations from the target (design intent).

77. Marked print (PPAP) – modified, signed & dated by the customer engineer.

78. Measurand (MSA) - defined set of specifications for a measurement application

79. Measurement system (MSA) - complete process used to obtain measurements

80. Measurement system error (MSA) - combined variation due to gage bias, repeatability, reproducibility, stability & linearity

81. Metrology (MSA) - science of measurement

82. Moving range (SPC) – adding the new point & deleting the oldest chronological point.

83. Nonconforming units (SPC) – units do not conform to a specification (p, np charts)

84. Nonconformity (SPC) – individual NC-unit can have more than one NC.

85. Non-replicable (MSA) - inability to make repeated measurements due to dynamic nature of the measurand

86. Operational definition (SPC) – a criterion, a test & a decision to an object or to a group.

87. Organizations (PPAP) – are providers of,

-----§ Production materials

-----§ Production or service parts

-----§ Assemblies or

-----§ Heat treating, welding, painting, plating or other finishing services

88. Over-adjustment (SPC) – tampering, taking action when a process is stable.

89. Packaging (APQP) – protection & containment with ease of handling.

90. Pareto chart (SPC) – ranking w.r.t cost or total variation.

91. Part submission warrant (PSW) (PPAP) - Warrant (PPAP) – is an industry standard document required for all newly-tooled or revised products in which the organization confirms that inspections & tests on production parts show conformance to customer requirements.

92. Part to part variation (MSA) - variation due to measuring different parts

93. Part variation (MSA) - part to part & time to time variation for a stable process

94. Pass through characteristics (APQP) – parts received from supplier used as it is (no modification or validation).

95. Performance (MSA) - combined variation of measurement errors (random & systematic) based on a long-term assessment of the measurement system

-----1.   Process performance (SPC) - six sigma range of total process variation

96. Perishable tools (PPAP) – are drill bits, cutters, inserts, etc. used to produce a product & which are consumed in the process.

97. Point estimate (SPC) - single number, egs: average or standard deviations

98. Precision - repeatability (MSA) - expected variation of repeated measurements over the range of measurement

99. Pre-control (SPC) – probabilistic analysis to product control using two data points within each sample.

100. Prediction interval (SPC) – predicting interval once the regression model is established for a population.

101. Preliminary bill of material (APQP) – completed prior to design & print release.

102. Preliminary process flow chart (APQP) – early depiction of the anticipated mfg.process for a product.

103. Prevention (SPC) – a pro-active strategy directing analysis & action toward correcting the process itself.

104. Probability (MSA) - estimate describing the chance a specific event will occur, probability estimates range between 0-impossible to 1-sure

105. Problem solving (SPC) - symptoms to causes, causes to actions

106. Process (PPAP) – set of interrelated or interacting activities which transform inputs into outputs….. (SPC) – combination of 6Ms to produce output (product r process)

107. Process flow diagram (PPAP) – is a schematic representation of the process flow.

108. Product assurance plan (APQP) – A part of product quality plan. It is a prevention oriented management tool that addresses product design, process design, & when applicable software design.

109. Product control (MSA) - assess measurand to a specification (result is either “in-tolerance” or “out-of-tolerance”)

110. Production environment (PPAP) – all of the process conditions surrounding or affecting the manufacture & quality of a part or product.

111. Production material (PPAP) – material which has been issued a production part number by the customer & is shipped directly to the customer.

112. Production part (PPAP) – manufactured at the production site using production tooling, gaging, process, materials, operators, environment, & process settings (eg.: feeds speed cycle times pressures temperatures)

113. Production part approval submission (PPAP) – specific quantities taken from significant production run made in production environment submitted for approval.

114. Production rate (PPAP) – is the agreed upon no. of parts produced in a planned time period to meet customer assembly or mfg. plant production volume requirements (with consideration of other product mix & machine availability).

115. Quadratic (SPC) - second order mathematical model (egs: parabola).

116. Quality indices (PPAP) – measures of capability or performance for either product or process.

117. Quality planning (PPAP) – structured process for defining methods (measurements, tests) that will be used in the production of a specific product or family of products. Embodies the concepts of defect prevention & continual improvement as contrasted with defect detention.

118. Quality planning approval (APQP) – a review & verification that all planned controls & processes are being followed.

119. Quality record (PPAP) – is a document stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities performed.

120. Randomness (SPC) - a condition in which no pattern in the data can be discerned.

121. Rational subgroup (SPC) – to give maximum chance in each subgroup to be alike & subgroups to differ one from the other.

122. Reference value (MSA) - master value

123. Regression analysis (MSA) - mathematical relationship between two or more variables

124. Regular production tooling (PPAP) – tooling with which the manufacturer intends to produce production product.

125. Reliability (APQP) – the probability that an item will continue to function at customer expectation levels at a measurement point, under specified environmental & duty cycle conditions.

126. Repeatability (MSA) - fixed part, instrument, standard method, operator, environment, & assumptions (referring as “Equipment Variation” (EV) is misleading, best term is within-system variation)

127. Replicable (MSA) - the ability to make repeated measurements on the same sample where there is no significant physical change to the measurand or measurement environment

128. Replication (MSA) - multiple trials under identical conditions

129. Reproducibility (MSA) - same part, same instrument, different operators (average variation between-systems or between-conditions of measurement)

130. Resolution (MSA) (measurement resolution or effective resolution) - capability of the measurement system to detect & faithfully indicate even small changes of the measured characteristic

131. Run (SPC) - consecutive points increasing or decreasing or above or below centerline

132. Saleable product/part (PPAP) – specified on the contract between the customer & organization.

133. Sample (SPC) (see subgroup)

-----1. Convenience sampling (SPC) - easy to collect samples. (Egs: before a break period, top of a container)

-----2. Haphazard sampling (SPC) - unsystematic, indiscriminant, unplanned, chaotic

-----3. Random sampling - Probability sampling (SPC) - every sample point has same chance of being selected.

134. Scatter diagram (MSA) – (x-y) plot to assess relationship between two variables)

135. Sensitivity (MSA) - smallest input signal that results in a detectable output signal for a measurement device

136. Shape (SPC) - overall pattern formed by a distribution of values (egs: skew, kurtosis)

137. Sigma (σ) (SPC) - greek letter used to denote std.dev of a population.

138. Significance level (MSA) - statistical level selected to test the probability of random outcomes, also associated with risk (decision error)

139. Significant production run (APQP) – product made using all production tools, processes, equipment, environment, facility & cycle time. (PPAP) – see PPAP 2.1

140. Simulation (APQP) – imitating some or all the behavior of one system with a different, dissimilar system.

141. Site (PPAP) – location at which value added manufacturing processes occur.

142. Special cause (SPC) - often intermittent & unpredictable, affects only some of the outputs. Signaled by one or more points beyond control limits or non-random pattern of points within control limits.

143. Special characteristics (APQP) – characteristics having significant impact on the quality, function, fit, safety – designated by customer or selected by organization through knowledge of product & process….. (PPAP) – Product or process parameters which can affect safety or compliance with regulations, fit, function, performance or subsequent processing of a product.

144. Specification - Tolerance (SPC) (bilateral, unilateral) - engg reqmt for judging acceptability of a particular characteristic….. (PPAP) – document stating requirements. - allowable deviation from a nominal value that maintains fit, form & function

145. Spread (SPC) - expected span of values from smallest to largest in a distribution.

-----1. Process spread (SPC) - Dispersion (SPC) (Moving range chart) – often shown as average plus or minus some number of standard deviations.

-----2. Std. deviation (SPC) - measure of the spread of the process output.

-----3. Range (SPC) – (Highest – lowest), measure of process spread.

146. Stability (MSA) - change in bias over time..... Stability (SPC) - no special causes, property of being in statistical control.

147. Stable process (SPC / PPAP) - process in statistical control.

148. Statistic (SPC) - a value calculated from sample data used to make inferences about the process that produced the output.

149. Statistical inference (SPC) - single number (point estimate) or a pair of numbers (interval estimate)

150. Statistical tolerance limits (SPC) – interval or range expected to contain a specified proportion of a population.

151. Submission level (PPAP) – refers to level of evidence required for PPAP submission.

152. Subsystem (APQP) – a major part of a system which itself has the characteristics of a system, usually consisting of several components or processes.

153. Suppliers (PPAP) – Providers of production materials or production or service parts.

154. System (APQP) – a combination of several components, processes or pieces of equipment integrated to perform a specific function.

155. Team feasibility commitment (APQP) – team commitment on manufacturability & delivery of a product at required rate & cost.

156. Timing plan (APQP) – listing of tasks, assignments, events & timing required to provide a product that meets customer needs & expectations.

157. Tool (PPAP) – used in process machinery to transform raw material into finished part or assembly.

158. Uncertainty (MSA) - quantified expression of measurement reliability (range assigned to a measurement result that describes, within a defined level of confidence, the limits expected to contain the true measurement result).

159. Unimodal (MSA) - contiguous group of data that has one mode

160. Validation (PPAP) – confirmation through objective evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled.

161. Variables data (PPAP) – quantitative data

162. Variation (SPC) – Inevitable differences among individual outputs of a process

-----1. Inherent variation (SPC) – Due to common cause only

-----2. Within-subgroup variation (SPC) – Due to within-subgroups. If the process is in statistical control, this variation is a good estimate of the inherent process variation. Can be estimated from control charts by Rbar/d2 or sbar/c4.

-----3. Between-subgroup variation (SPC) – Due to between-subgroup. If the process is in statistical control, this variation should be zero.

-----4. Total process variation (SPC) – Variation due to both within-subgroup & between-subgroup.

163. Verification (PPAP) – confirmation through objective evidence that specific requirements have been fulfilled.

164. Voice of the customer (APQP) – Positive & negative feedback of customers including likes, dislikes, problems & suggestions.